Funding was not a primary component of the program, simply an afterthought.

Simple calculation - average rental period for the area and "good tenant" profile (in our case, for instance, in Japan, its 4-5 years in the singles' units we like most), take 25% off that time for unexpected downturns (or more if your area is notoriously unstable), and work out the percentage 1/2 or 1 month rent income is of that period (in our case more like 1-2 months).I think, in the vast majority of cases, and particularly if you work out how many empty months bad screening or management can cost you, you'll see there's no doubt as to the financial gain potential a good PM or tenant placer can be worth.And that's without even taking into account the personal toll of time and resources spent when you do it all yourself...

I also upgraded the windows to energy efficient windows and had to find a new window supplier after mine unexpectedly closed up shop a couple weeks before the job.

It will require new kit cab refacing/carpet in 2 and paint in all 4 (I am handy so I would do these myself to save on unexpected expenses I might have for a first time buy.)

The credit is $2,000 for a dwelling unit that is certified to have an annual level of heating and cooling energy consumption at least 50% below the annual level of heating and cooling energy consumption of a comparable dwelling unit and has building envelope component improvements that account for at least 1/5 of the 50% reduction in energy consumption.

So the year where you have one of these, your expenses will be higher.Another way this is crude is that it includes a significant component for property management.

Unexpected subfloor saturated with cat urine ..

Yep its all about the cash reserves for sure, which I plan to have a decent amount of incase something were to happen unexpectedly.

Typically when you're young you can't afford an expensive policy so it's wise to at least get term insurance, but when you get term insurance I've learned that it's best to make sure it's convertible to a life insurance policy with a cash value component.

It's always good to have an appropriate amount of money in reserves for those unexpected expenses that WILL come up at some point.