We also factor in local market trends, property condition, and management costs.

@Kevin Farrell In my location in New Hampshire it is just common for landlords to pay water, sewer, and heating if it is on oil furnace then factor these costs into the rent for multi families.

I’m a buy and hold as well but if it doesn’t make dollars…I also factor if the neighborhood is growing, is anything bringing appreciation.  

He'll need to set the heads, run the lines, hook up the lines, ensure a vacuum, pressure test, and release refrigerant, perhaps even adding some.The contractor knows he's not making a ton of money, and even though his margins aren't there because you're supplying the units, he needs to factor in you calling him and expecting warranty service if something runs afoul.

For affordable housing, the average construction cost is generally lower than market-rate projects but still substantial due to various factors such as labor, materials, and compliance with affordable housing regulations.Affordable Housing Construction Cost: The cost to build affordable housing in Oregon ranges between $250 and $350 per square foot as of 2024.

I mention this because we didn't have family help, etc. so this could have been a factor in what came next.We soon decided Michigan was not for us and we wanted to be back in California.

-Factor in expenses like loan interest - this may increase your target ROI.

A factor could be I'm looking at putting 3-5% down rather than the normal 20% to save capitol for the basement renovation.

Rates are the driving factor on supply and demand and no one seems to know what type of event will have people sell with %3 mortgages.

Look at tax bill and insurance factor in inflation and it can tell me how much I can charge or not charge.3.