The key factor is physical presence, which, as you mentioned, requires being in the U.S. for at least 183 days during the calendar year.However, it’s essential to note that the substantial presence rule can apply to foreign property owners who spend extended time in the U.S.

Average home value in our portfolio is about $175 to $185K and average rents around $1600.00 (Yes not at the 1% rule). 

. - Expertise in local laws and rules: Investing in real estate is hyper localized not only for value and potential but in rules and regulations.

If you see someone violating the rules, create a post with "@moderators" and we will receive a notification and respond.Again, welcome to BiggerPockets and happy investing!

It's important to factor in HOA fees, which can eat into your cash flow, and to carefully look over the rules set by the association, some have strict rules on rentals.

In that respect there are formulas to be mindful of and you should think like the lender when you are analyzing your purchases.At the same time there’s no hard and fast rules or formulas an investor should rely on when underwriting their rental properties.

Prices in Columbus are still low enough to find 1% rule deals and there's a ton of appreciation happening in this market as well.

The rule of law has been replaced with the rule of feelings, emotion and an ideological mandate.4.

Pretty straightforward project but extremely useful for my investing career going forward. 

I would appreciate some guidance to gain clarity on the rules.