And increasingly - optimized for the algorithms. 

That's a lot of layers of markup on labor. 

You might find the answers to your questions there but I know that the search function is less then optimal so feel free to send me a DM if you don't easily find what you're looking for.I've never bothered commenting much about Canada because, until recently, it made no sense for US investors to invest in Canada: much less favorable mortgage conditions if they could even get one, much more expensive prices on average and much less profitable on average.

FB machine learning automagically optimizes the ads over time which increases the click through rate and lowers the cost per click.

Lol, I'm  not sure i was very helpful, more anecdotal lol.I learned to estimate from other contractors many years ago.I found labor unit books from college bookstores.

I have some in-house laborers for any large projects but sometimes value add can even be raising rents to market or finding an off market gem. 

It’s too soon tell but from what I’m seeing the hit on the Federal workforce is also impacting contractors throughout the DMV… I expect panic selling which increases inventory, however, with higher interest rates, which will likely continue upwards if tariffs & deporting our cheap labor comes to fruition, first time homebuyers are shut out.  

We'd spend about 2 weeks delivering all the bundles and I was the "free" labor until I finally negotiated 10 cents a bundle from my old man.  

Cash flow is definitely the biggest challenge; both in terms of finding properties to buy that cash flow with a loan on them and just company wide given interest rates and labor/material is up and, at least where I'm at in Jackson County, MO, taxes are way up too. 

You just need the labor cost to install both of these - but even combined with the labor cost, it makes so much more sense to do it this way.Kitchen and Bath companies are a wonderful resource for homeowners, and I'm sure some out there give super fair prices to investors!