I am a 50+ new comer to the world of real estate and am looking for someone who can advise or guide me to person(s) who could mentor me.  

Some things that might be a concern:1) Obviously have to make sure things are all permitted first2) I don't want the room to "feel" like an addition, so flooring has to be same level/standardized with the rest of the house3) Unlike the rest of the house that has an identically-shaped 2200sqft basement underneath, this added space will not have a basement directly underneath it -- I'm not sure if this poses major cons for some reason that I'm not aware of4) Especially given the lack of basement underneath, I have to make sure that the HVAC can still somehow be piped into this room#2 and #3 are probably my biggest concerns (#1 and #4 I can find out relatively easily)Any tips/thoughts or other experience would be greatly appreciated. 

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He looked into the online portal and said the build permit will be expiring soon.

You don't own the property, therefore you won't be given a permit. 

They will typically button him up immediately.I would give the tenant two options: permit entry and showings with at least 24 hours notice, or allow them to terminate and vacate without penalty.

I recently pulled permits to convert the duplex's attached garages into one 2bd/2ba ADU, convert the detached garage into a small 1bd/1ba ADU, and add 1 bath and laundry closet to the 4bd/1ba house. 

Inspect well as Miami is notorious for illegal and non-permitted additions.  

After you talk to the code guy, you'll of course need an architect to write up professional plans that you can submit for the permits.

Both of those are lower risk ways of getting started.Maybe your goals or lifestyle don't permit them - but they're great options.