All major repairs, such as the HVAC and roof were handled before the seller put the property on the market. 

As a hard money lender who works with many investors in the Portland area, I can share some insights on maintenance costs for multifamily properties in this market, though individual experiences may vary:Lots of investors report a slight decrease in maintenance costs during winter months, bc of:- Fewer landscaping needs - Less wear and tear on HVAC systems (as heating is generally less intensive than summer cooling)- Reduced tenant turnover in winterWinter-specific issues can arise:- Potential roof repairs due to heavy rain or occasional snow- Gutter cleaning and maintenance to prevent water damage- Heating system repairs or maintenancePortland-specific factors:- The mild climate helps reduce extreme weather-related maintenance issues. - Older housing stock in some areas may require more upkeep. - Strict local regulations can also sometimes increase compliance-related maintenance costsCost-saving strategies I've seen help:- Preventative maintenance programs can help reduce overall costs obviously - Some investors report success with in-house maintenance teams for larger portfolios- Energy-efficient upgrades can help reduce utility costs in the long runYour specific costs will depend on factors like the age and condition of your properties, your management style, and the specific neighborhoods you're invested in, but hope this helps!

Windows, roof, landscape, finished basement, new bathrooms, and kitchen.

Who does he have to do framing, electrical, plumbing, HVAC, drywall, paint, tile, cabinets and counters, flooring, roof?  

Has a brand new roof and zoned for adding 3rd unit.Property 2 is in a larger suburb area with about 80K population and in a county of 2 million.

They brought in a "plumber", said the house had multiple leaks in the pipes, needed re-piping and concrete broken up to fix the second leak.

Check under sinks if you can, many times slow leaks occur there that go unreported.6.

Cap Ex was relatively high last year due to a water line leak wiped out a good portion of the profits the Cap Ex that year was around 48%of rent since rent was lower.

An example of my recommendation to a new investor is to go buy a house with easy re-sale, that needs superficial changes such as painting, landscaping, new carpet, roofing, etc. 

He determined the roof support beams hadn’t really sustained any structural damage.