I care most about the Internal Rate of Return (helps me determine how long to hold a property), the cash on cash return (helps me decide why this investment vs other options, and it also takes into consideration appreciation of the property!)

Let's assume that the neighborhood is a C class and the median income of the city is greater than 3X of the market rent.Here are some of the considerations I've come up with so far:- Units are in need of renovation and capex is too high or not available- Unit quality is not the same as market - Seller is worried about losing tenants due to increase- Vacancy rates are high or filling units have been difficult- Rent increase would take multiple increases over multiple lease periods to get to market rate if seller is trying to retain the same tenant- Seller inherited property and just want to liquidate- Seller needs to liquidate quickly (financial burden, sickness, quick exit from land-lording)It seems like I might be missing a warning sign about a deal if they are selling with current rents that are under market; but again, this seems to be most of the properties I've underwritten.And in the same vein, what should I be worried about when purchasing a deal with under market rent with the intention of raising them after purchase. 

Marcus & Millichap’s report also mentions the importance of universities to Pittsburgh’s rental market, “The considerable number of universities in Pittsburgh will provide a diverse hiring pool for the area’s growing tech sector in 2017 and beyond.

If she lives rent-free, you retain control of the property but lose the ability to claim rental-related deductions.For long-term planning, consult a CPA and attorney to ensure compliance with tax rules and align ownership structure with your goals, including potential conversion to a rental or estate planning considerations.

Yup, property condition, vintage, neighborhood, tenant base, property management are all very important considerations. 

He will be taking a leave of absence for the  year.Given the unforeseen nature of his health condition we would appreciate your assistance and consideration in addressing this situation.

Expenses are about to go up considerably.

If you’ve yet to build up substantial credit in the U.S. you can apply for foreign national specific loans that don’t take credit history into consideration when qualifying as in some circumstances you can get better rates and terms applying as a FN when your U.S. based credit history is in it’s infancy.

You will want to consult with a lawyer.In regards to your last two questions here's some background on what makes a contract valid and enforceable:Offer: A promise to do or not do something within a certain time period Acceptance: A clear and direct statement that all terms and responsibilities are accepted Consideration: A legal and adequate inducement given in exchange for the promise Capacity: The parties to the contract must have the legal capacity and competency to contract Awareness: A party must be aware of the contract Legality: The contract must be legal in the jurisdiction it will be operating in***Not legal advice*** Steps I would take: -Review contract in detail to understand each counterparties responsibilities (if you are not aware)- Email a copy of the lease to each of the tenants listed on the lease and reiterate lease expectations for termination notice, rent payment etc. - If the lease was signed via Docusign (other esign may have same ability) - you can go to the envelope, go to history and view the IP addresses for each action taken.

Many people don't realize that you gain as much or more net worth through debt pay-down, and while it's less liquid than cash flow, over a 5-10 yr hold period it's considerable if you buy in the right areas with the right asset class.