Which governing body determines these requirements?

If the water bill is $100 a month, increase the price by 20% (or whatever you decide is fair) to compensate you for the time required to split and bill and to cover additional use when tenants squander the utility.

A car forum that I'm a part of, and I know the owner of the forum, told me that the dedicated app required constant work and updates as phones and operating systems changed. 

My advice is to require them to pay the full balance upon the next payment.

This is not as passive as other investing but it will help launch your portfolio so that you can continue to invest without needing to work additional jobs.

One thing to consider since you are a California resident investing is the compliance requirements for LLCs incorporated in California or operating as a foreign entity here - the rules here are different than most states.  

A3: Zelle payments require 1099s.

With no proof required.  

Because of my savings and lack of expenses, I'm in a very comfortable position to make my first move, but because my income is mid, I'm unable to meet the Debt-to-Income requirements to qualify.

Only a few simple documents are required, including a valid passport, birth certificate, and proof of address.