I have three rentals, three respective sets of tenants- all have been great (for over a year now) and not one had a reference. Here is why I didn't require a reference for each one:
The first set were a 17 year old and a 19 year old, trying to escape a brutally abusive situation. Siblings had been taken by the state, parents collecting their welfare checks. We made a deal that they would stay in school and graduate and that the 19 year old could sign the lease. They would work enough to pay rent but attend school enough to graduate. I later attended their high school graduation, yelled louder than anyone there :) They are now married with a baby.
The second lady had a friend call instead of her to recommend her friend. I couldn't figure out why; in fairness, I am from the north. I showed them the property, and the tenant asked at the end if I would 'still' rent to her, which left me confused, as she had a job and it seemed to me that she would decide herself if she liked the house or not. She then explained that being african american, she had not been able to obtain a rental; she had lived at her last house for 3 years never late on a payment. The excuse the last landlord gave her was that, after meeting her, they had a 'no parakeet policy'. I mean, come on. So she asked her white friend to call for her. Great tenant, really sad we still live in this era.
The third tenant was an older lady whose only income was limited social security, but she had some savings. She had no job. She had been successful previously, but now since covid had lost her business. We discussed that her SS income wouldn't even cover the rent, but she had 3 years of living expenses in her savings account. She also had excellent grammar.
Every one of these tenants have been great, not one had a landlord or work reference. I did interview each one extensively, however.