Michigan has some of the most complicated property taxes in the US.
First, most Michigan properties receive TWO annual tax bills - one from the city and one from the county. Many banks handling tax escrow accounts for mortgages have mistakenly thought there was one tax due twice/year or totally missed one of the taxes.
Secondly, back in 1994 Michigan passed the Headlee Amendment:
(http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(k5m2va1uyfgwtbyjf4nqb1bx))/mileg.aspx?page=LoadVirtualDoc&BookmarkID=6536)
that capped annual increases to the Taxable Value of a property to the lower of 5% or Michigan's Cost of Living increase. This was done to protect senior citizens on fixed incomes from being forced to sell their homes due to unaffordable property tax increases.
Since the passing of this amendment, all properties in Michigan have two property tax values associated with them:
State Equalized Value (SEV): equal to 50% of the market value of a property, not based on recent sales price.
Taxable Value: the SEV annually capped as long as there is not a transfer of ownership.
Most cities have an Assessor that determines how much values have changed each year. Since they can't do each property individually, they use comparable sales to make broad generalizations to determine percent changes. Then these are applied to all properties in that area of the city.
Property owners get an annual update on their SEV & Taxable Values with their city property tax bill, typically sent in December.
So now, the city assessor tracks the SEV, but homeowners are taxed based upon the capped Taxable Value. These two numbers diverge over time as the SEV increase, but the Taxable Value is capped. The Taxable Value is uncapped and equated to the SEV upon a sale or other transfer of property ownership, with limited exceptions.
There’s one more complication! There are Homestead and Non-Homestead millage rates. Counties & cities in Michigan are allowed to set their own millage rates, with one restriction – a primary residence (Homestead) is exempt from up to 18 mills of school taxes on their Homestead property. A property qualifies as Homestead for this exemption if an eligible owner files a Principal Residence Exemption (PRE): https://www.michigan.gov/taxes/0,4676,7-238-43535_43539-210891--,00.html#:~:text=Section%20211.7cc%20and%20211.7,purposes%20up%20to%2018%20mills.
Many investors have gotten an ugly surprise when they bought a property that was a primary residence of the seller for the last 20 years. The removal of the Taxable Value cap and the switch to Non-Homestead millage rates can double, even triple, the property taxes. By the way, the cutoff date is June 1 of each year for these changes.
Investors should research the SEV and the Non-Homestead property tax millage rates to project what the property taxes will be after adjustment.
You can use this tool to estimate future taxes: https://www.michigan.gov/taxes/0,4676,7-238-43535_43540---,00.html
