Hey @Jacob Munson! Way to plan ahead, and there is already a ton of great info in here for you to sift through. But I'll add a few points.
The loan product will depend on the asset type you are targeting. Conventional for Single families, and FHA for any multifamilies (at least at this time). Just be aware that anything larger than a duplex will get complicated due to the FHAs self-sufficiency test, which makes it nearly impossible to get a tri-quadplex here in Denver.
I agree look in surrounding cities, and not in Denver proper, unless you are ok with some extra regulations and plan to be strictly above board for your investing strategy. Location will also depend on what strategy you plan to utilize as you'll have to navigate Short term rental laws around the metro area, and who knows where those will be in 2025.
Prices right now are a sweet spot of 500-600k for single families and 650k+ for multifamilies. Multifamilies can easily get into the millions.
One thing I haven't seen you think about, or anyone else mention, since you are two years out from moving out here, what is keeping you from house hacking in San Diego for the time being? Even if you just bought something for you both to live in for the next 2ish years, that would work as an investment out there when you move, that could help jumpstart your investing career in a pretty great location.