Investing in RV Parks

Rv parks can have good cash flow, without most of the traditional headaches of being a landlord. The downside? (Every investment has one.) The income can be variable and unpredictable.

We used to travel in a conversion van that we sometimes camped in. When staying at RV parks, I noticed that the managers always seemed relatively relaxed and cheerful. I think this may be because the job is not that stressful. It certainly isn't like being a landlord.

First, as an owner/operator of an RV park, you don't own any housing or vehicles that need to be repaired. Every tenant is responsible for their own Recreational Vehicle. You need only maintain the common areas, and can do that how you want.

Second, even if they stay for months, you can collect in advance and ask them to leave on a day's notice if they cause trouble or don't pay. Regular tenant/landlord law does not apply. These are very mobile residences, unlike regular "mobile homes."

Finally, you have visitors, not tenants. They are vacationing or escaping winter, and are generally in a good mood more often than apartment or house renters would be.

On the other hand, these are visitors, who have no lease. They can leave at any time. In other words, your income can be very unpredictable from month to month. It also can vary a lot seasonally, so you have to budget well. Some RV parks are just closed for half of each year - and this may be the time when taxes and insurance need to be paid.

In buying an RV park, you have to see the actual income from the previous several years. One year is not enough. You want to see that the income has been steady or is growing. You don't want to buy a dying business.

Look at the tax returns to get the truest - or at least the safest - record of income and expenses. Determine the net income before debt service. Decide what you can invest, and what kind of return you want for your trouble. Subtract that "profit" from the net before debt service. What remains is how much you can pay on whatever loans you need to buy the property.

The amount you can borrow - with payments that fit into that number - plus the amount you have for a down payment, determines the most you can pay for the property. Don't forget to account for any additional costs you will have that the current owners don't have, such as higher insurance rates or property taxes. Also, base your calculations on existing income, even if you have a plan to increase it - that is the safest way.

How much do RV parks sell for? I have seen them as low $85,000 for a really small one. Others are priced in the millions. As you look in a given area, you will notice that they are often selling for a similar amount per space. In some parts of Arizona, for example, parks sell for as cheap as $8,000 per space, because of a limited season. In other parts of the country, they sell for as much as $30,000 per space.

You can use this as a rough guide to see if a park is priced in line with others in the area, but in the end it can be very misleading. Good management can make a nice park worth $20,000 per space, while one a mile away may be in a bad location and worth only $14,000 per space. You have to see the actual income and expenses before investing in RV parks.