A couple of weeks ago, I shared a success story celebrating the fact that I quit my job and closed on a 202-unit the same day. A big reason I was able to do that was the fact we had built a 72-unit portfolio over the past 4 years. In the week after that post, I received lots of questions and messages asking about how we were able to build our portfolio to that point.

Today, I wanted to share our process in a step-by-step guide for going from 0-72 units and highlight the biggest factors that I believe allowed us to scale a business that now generates nearly $20,000 a month in passive income.

1) Start with a nest egg

I know this seems obvious, but do whatever you have to do in order to find, create or save enough capital to buy that first property. In our case, we generated investment capital by selling my bachelor pad (a condo I owned) after I got married, and my brother’s house (after he relocated). The proceeds from those sales, about $200k, were invested into a duplex, a fourplex and several single family homes in foreclosure all within 3 months of each other. Having that working capital certainly started us out in a good direction rather quickly.

2) Force appreciation

In BP lexicon, this is the BRRRR strategy. I think it's simply the greatest thing about investing in anything 2 or more units, and a main driver why we've started our new company to focus on Value Add investing in larger apartments.

The first duplex we bought was a 2bd/1ba on each side with a garage. When we purchased it, we enclosed each garage to create a 3rd bedroom on each side, and completely renovated the kitchen, flooring and bathroom. We had $225k total invested in the property, and two years later were able to refinance all of our capital out of that property to fuel more acquisitions. We did this on several other properties as well, and once we proved the increased NOI, were able to realize a tremendous amount of equity.

3) Buy in an appreciating area

The fastest way to generate wealth in Real Estate is appreciation, and not all of it has to be forced. Buying in the right market at the right time and letting natural appreciation occur is a beautiful thing. Monthly cash flow is awesome, but it is not the best accelerator to growing your business and portfolio.

We have certainly benefited from the explosive growth and appreciation in Austin and San Antonio, and would be lying if we didn’t credit the market for some of our success. But we also bought strategically in neighborhoods I felt provided excellent appreciation potential in the short term. We stayed away from some opportunities that provided excellent cash flow, but were located in rural areas that I didn’t think would appreciate as quickly. We have a rule that we only buy assets that cash flow from Day 1, but always look in areas that have a strong potential for accelerated appreciation. If you are investing in a slow growth area of the country, it is going to take you a lot longer to grow and build a portfolio.

4) Buy in your personal name

There is always a lot of chatter on BP about whether to invest via an LLC or not. We have purchased everything to date in our personal names so that we can take advantage of 30-year fixed rate loans. You can get up to 10 personal loans via Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac, and I suggest you take advantage of all of them. Some mortgage brokers will struggle to help you past 3-4 loans--and you'll pay a marginally higher interest rate--but keep working to find one that can get you all the way to ten. Between my brother and I, that was 20 loans we could get with 30-year loans averaging 4.5%.

This was important for us as we focused on generating cash flow (as you’ll see in the next step). It also allowed us to stretch for a couple properties that wouldn’t cash flow on a 20- or 25-year amortization schedule, but were going to be great appreciating assets.

To combat our legal risk, we put a high cap on the liability insurance of each property, and put an umbrella policy in place. Eventually we've moved the properties into an LLC, but if we had started that route and been limited in our financing options, we never would have gotten where we are so quickly.

5) Reinvest the cash flow

Sometimes this seems so obvious, yet many people don’t do it. They get a few hundred or a few thousand extra dollars coming in every month, and they start to expand their lifestyle or splurge a little too often. All of a sudden, that cash flow they’ve created is now needed to support new spending habits—and its not helping grow their business or portfolio.

We set up new accounts at a separate bank from our personal accounts to keep a clear distinction between the two, and eliminate the temptation of spending money from the rentals.

When we had saved enough cash flow to afford a down payment on the next property, we’d start shopping again. As our portfolio grew, the snowball effect took over and the time between acquisitions got shorter and shorter.

6) Manage the property yourself

From the onset, we managed our properties ourselves. At first, we had no clue what we were doing—but we learned as we went. We went this route for two reasons.

a.To save money. When you’re trying to grow your portfolio, keeping 8% of our revenues in our bank accounts really added up.

b.To learn the business. We entered this business knowing it was just that—a business. By managing our portfolio, we were able to learn the business much faster than if we turned everything over to a manger Day 1.

7) Get comfortable being broke and taking risks

For us, this manifested itself in two ways. First, we really cut back on as many expenses as we could, to send more money over to our real estate business to fuel more growth. So many people preach living below your means—but it works. When we got a bonus at work, we’d deposit it into our real estate account. When there was money left over at the end of the month, we’d transfer that over too.

Second, there were several times when we invested all of our savings to buy the next property. It was not a comfortable feeling to see less than $5,000 total across all your accounts, but a couple months later we had our cash reserves built back up and were collecting more rents with the new addition. Thing snowballed faster and faster, and the accounts grew faster with each acquisition.

8) Eliminate fear

When we bought our first investment property, Gary Keller’s The Millionaire Real Estate Investor was the entirety of our experience, and we really didn’t know what we were doing. We had a great friend and realtor who assured us these first few properties were going to cash flow, and we jumped in.

I remember pulling up to the first property after we closed on it, and having butterflies in my stomach as I walked up to introduce myself to the new tenants. Every step of this journey has stretched us, challenged us and taught us new things. Today, I stand here less than three weeks after quitting my job to focus on real estate full-time—and its not the most comfortable feeling. But, I’m not scared of it and have learned to eliminate the fear.

There you have it. These 8 steps have been the most critical in growing our portfolio from 0-72 unit in four years. A year from now, when we cross the 1,000 unit threshold in apartments, I look forward to sharing those steps.