Furnace only works when filter is removed

[Eddie Werner]

A tenant informed me the property will not heat above 58 degrees.  The furnace is on but nothing is happening.  Initially we thought it was the thermostat but that checked out.  The filter was dirty but not horrible.  Upon removing the filter the furnace started operating properly.  Putting a new filter in did not fix it either.  Not sure if it has to do with the air flow, type of filter, etc.  Has anyone encountered this?  I have a professional coming to look at it but want to compare that with what I may hear from you.