Real Estate Property Analysis Question Related to Taxes

[Justin Greenwood]

Hello Biggerpockets community!

I'm a new investor. I bought Frank Gallinelli's "Mastering Real Estate Investment: Examples, Metrics and Case Studies" to practice analyzing property data to determine if a product was a good investment. In his Apartment Complex case study (Chapter 40), Mr. Gallinelli's numbers for the AFTER-TAX SALE PROCEEDS gave me some problems. First, I will show you the numbers for 2014, 2015, and 2016:

                                                       2014             2015                2016

PROJECTED SELLING PRICE        2,712,000       2,736,000       2,760,000

- Costs of Sale                                  189,840         191,520           193,000

- 1st Mortgage Payoff                 2,050,042        2,002,102       1,955,413

- 2nd Mortgage Payoff                   280,102          259,410           237,552

BEFORE-TAX SALE PROCEEDS       192,016          282,968           373,835

-Total Federal Tax on Sale                (9,905)             (9,344)             (8,819)

AFTER-TAX SALE PROCEEDS          202,921           292,312           382,654

I understand how all these numbers were calculated, with the exception of the "Total Federal Tax on Sale". How can I determine the Total Federal Tax on Sale given these numbers? Is there a standard rate of tax?

Thank you for your time,

Justin Greenwood