Standard lessons include the inevitability of interesting challenges.

I've included an example below to help illustrate this.So different lenders have different rates (which do vary even for DSCR loans) but these are factors they all consider.See example below:DSCR < 1Principal + Interest = $1,700Taxes = $350, Insurance = $100, Association Dues = $50Total PITIA = $2200Rent = $2000DSCR = Rent/PITIA = 2000/2200 = 0.91Since the DSCR is 0.91, we know the expenses are greater than the income of the property.DSCR >1Principal + Interest = $1,500Taxes = $250, Insurance = $100, Association Dues = $25Total PITIA = $1875 Rent = $2300DSCR = Rent/PITIA = 2300/1875 = 1.23DSCR lenders generally let you vest either individually or as an LLC.

They include any costs incurred during a general search for, or preliminary investigation of, a business or investment possibility.The costs you had in your attempt to acquire or begin a specific business.

Some will be passed on to the tenant.You can include non-recurring expenses such as capital expenses, repairs, etc. 

From the CA website:A landlord can only deduct certain items from a security deposit The landlord can deduct for:Cleaning the rental unit when a tenant moves out, but only to make it as clean as when the tenant first moved inRepairing damage, other than normal wear and tear, caused by the tenant and the tenant's guestsRestoring or replacing furniture or other personal items, but only if this was included in the rental agreement and the damage isn't from normal wear and tear Generally, a landlord can keep part of the security deposit for rent owed.

I am overwhelmed by the number of different formulas that are out there for rental property investing and I don't want to overpack for lack of better words my investing formula arsenal so I would like to know what ones are the best to use and whyThe ones I currently use include: COC, NOI (and NIAF), Cap rate, ROR, ROI, and IRR=But I also have heard of NPV, I am also not including any "rule formulas" aka 1% and 50% as those are simply guidelines to follow and not complicated formulasLet me know if I am missing any or don't even need to use some of the ones I am usingThank you,Peyton LaBarbera

Estimated Rent (based on neighborhood median) = $2800Total expenses including HOA, Capex, Property Mgmt, and 50% rule for maintenance = $2750Cash flow = $50  :(Do I hold onto this gem or sell it and move onto a new strategy??

This way, you're covered legally, and your lease includes everything from rent details to what happens if someone decides to turn your living room into a circus ring.Now, about finding those gold-star tenants, it's all about the background check.

Reduced Risk:CityFHEPS tenants undergo a thorough screening process, which includes income verification and background checks.

Housing undersupply includes supply of land for development, which you obviously need to build a home.