I have invested a large sum of money with a company (individual with
LLC) who has filed chapter 11 bankruptcy. I am the 1st position. I was
prepaid 1st 6 months of interest. 8 months have passed and no
additio...

Specifically, we'd like to understand:Liability Protection: How does each state's legal framework and case law compare in protecting our personal assets from liabilities related to the property?

There have been multiple legal challenges to this position of the FTB (California tax department, or Franchise Tax Board), but I don't believe any CA resident won such a fight.

Of course I keep entities separate in all legal and financial aspects. 

If a rental/lease contract is a legally binding document...enforced by collecting rent...or enforced by an eviction process if rent is not paid....then can there not be a document (legally binding) for a tenant to sign that would relinquish their rights as a squatter or due process of eviction...

These include accidents (I recently had 2 units destroyed by fire), natural disasters (I have had two units each hit by 2 hurricanes), property management turn over (they sell or stop being as good, I have experienced both), or turn over of team (I am turning over at handyman and I suspect plumber), or just wear n tear of property (slab leak in poor location, sewer pipes rotted out (one unit this month), roof, foundation issue, etc.).  

We also keep an inexpensive steam cleaner in a closet in case there are any accidents.

If you intended me to take something else from that picture, such as an unfortunate motor vehicle accident, let me know.

The push to have more than one CC if not I feel that they don't give 100% we accidently started with 2.

Do not rely on it for legal advice.