Lifecycle of a CA Multi-Family Development Deal

Lifecycle of a CA Multi-Family Development Deal

Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes

Hi Everyone

After reading through many excellent posts, include the "Diary of a New Construction Project" by @J Scott and @Joshua Dorkin, I thought I might add our voice here on BP. I am proposing to track the entire life cycle of an urban infill 4-unit rental housing development project in my hometown of Long Beach, CA. My proposal is to create weekly posts that cover a development project from beginning to end, and to give explanations about what and why we do things certain ways in this project, as well as, the logic behind our decisions. We will share site selection, initial underwriting/proforma analysis, design development, permitting, construction/build out, lease up, and (for this project) final sale. 

First, an introduction. My name is Scott Choppin. I have been married to my college sweetheart Rebecca for 17 year (together for 23) and we have three kids 15, 13, and 9 years old.

The purpose for this series of posts, is to walk everyone through the development process, demonstrating the details and life cycle of a development project. I have had the great benefit of many very savvy teachers, and would like to give the gift of passing on knowledge to others. As well, my purposes include building my own networks of help (tactical, transactional, and professional) to learn, raise more capital, and find more great projects to work on. This is, as you all know (or you do now), the lifeblood of all developers.

Finally, out of respect to my partners in this project, some details and proprietary information will stay private and so you may see redactions from time to time. As well, I will try to answer questions, but must limit cost in regards to time, so may be not be able to answer all questions. My goal, is simply to pass on knowledge, be an offer of help, and facilitate new folks in my network. So here goes....Sláinte.

Project Basics:

City: Long Beach, CA

Unit Count: 4 units, rental housing, to be sold upon completion and lease up.

Construction Type: Type V, 1 hour, with sprinklers. 

Type V (pronounced Type 5) is a reference for wood framed construction that most of you are familiar with, with "1 hour" referencing the fire rating between occupancy areas (say between a garage, or other units) where extra drywall is added in the walls between these areas (there's more to it than that, but keeping it simple). The other types are Type I, II, III, IIIa, etc. These would be various forms of concrete, steel, wood and steel mixed. "Sprinklers" means what is says, all units and garages will have residential grade sprinkler systems installed (residential sprinklers normally have plastic or PVC pipes versus steel that you see in commercial applications).

Construction style: 3-story on grade town home, direct access ground floor garage. 

"On grade" is the typical construction methodology that you are all used to where forms are built for the slab and poured onto the graded dirt pad, this is in contrast to "podium" where the cars park underneath in a concrete garage, and another type is high rise construction. "Town home" describes a type of unit, where the living space is on multiple floors, with the same tenant on all floors. Versus stacked flats, like typical apartment units, where different tenants live above and below each other. Garages are the bottom floor of the town home and are direct access to each unit.

Unit Type: Multiple bedrooms rented to families.

Some maps and then that'll be it for today. Next time, site selection including site photos and discussion about zoning. 

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Jay HinrichsBusiness Member
Real Estate Consultant · Summerlin, NV · Member since 2014 · 45k+ posts · 66k+ votes
9y

@Scott Choppin  After reading this unbelievably accurate and comprehensive post about developing from ground up.. and there are still those that want to do it?   LOL...  

I think for most starting out financing will be their biggest stumbling block if they have zero track record.  Along with sufficient working capital and equity requirements.

Keep up the great and detailed post that is most kind of you to take the time... !!!!!

See this reply in the discussion

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  • Investor · Santa Monica, CA · Member since 2017 · 43 posts · 13 votes
    9y

    Hey @Scott Choppin, just want to thank you for the very informational and detailed posts you are uploading. This is exactly the route (Urban Multi-Family Infill Development) I want to take for real estate. I live close by and will definitely be rolling by to see the progress! 

  • Real Estate Professional · Marina Del Rey, CA · Member since 2017 · 6 posts · 0 votes
    9y

    @Scott Choppin awesome post. I just submitted offers on two entitled properties, each being triplex town homes. Like Gil, I would like to pick your brain regarding constructions costs and finding reputable builders to help during the escrow due diligence period. 

  • Investor · Kauai, HI · Member since 2017 · 65 posts · 43 votes
    9y

    I enjoy catching up on the new post at the end of my day.  Very informative.  Thank you for taking the time to put out this information.  Do you have any recommendations of some of your favorite books that helped you when you were starting out?  Preferably land development specific.  Always a pleasure to read your posts.  Look forward to the next one.

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    Now on to to the due diligence process:

    On the Cedar Avenue site we did most of the following related to due diligence:

    1. Preliminary title report - review and research of the title report and back up documents looking for issues that may cause problems with what we want to build on our site. These would be things like encroachments, where a fence or some other physical item is crossing over the property line (PL) from an adjacent property. We also look for easements that others hold that effect our property. These would be adjacent property owners that have easements for vehicular access across our site, or they could be an easement that the utility company has for the water line, sewer line, or electrical line. We also look for encumbrances, like loans or other financial instruments, that are recorded against our property.

    2. Soils engineering - this is where we hire a soils engineer to prepare a study that outline the physical characteristics of the soil on our site, relate to how we must design our foundation system to work correctly in our build process. This would also identify water table depth, soil liquefaction, soil expansivity (soil that expands or shrinks), or soil chemical content. Your soils report is used by your structural engineer in their design, as well as, you grading contractor when you are building the project.

    3. Environmental Phase I - this is research and or physical testing to determine if there are any environmental issues on hour site. What we mean by environmental issues would be chemical spills, soil impact, or underground tanks from former property uses such as gas stations, industrial uses like chrome plating facilities, or other uses like dry cleaning plants. This research is done by an environmental company utilizing published databases, physical inspection, and property owner interviews.

    4. Fee study - a comprehensive research effort to identify all development impact and building permit plan check and permit fees. See older fee study from a past project of our attached here:

    5. Market study - an internal or external report prepared to evaluate rental rates for your project, to be utilized in your early underwriting proforma.

    6. Comparable study - an internal or external report of recent (market dependent timing) of project sales and land sales. You may also prepare comparable for operating expenses for your rental project at this time.

    7. Architect feasibility study - a basic plan to make sure that your product type actually works relative to your underwriting.

    8. Financing study - research to determine that your project is financeable. This would mean have meeting with equity and debt provider to determine level of interest. Preferably you can obtain commitment letters for these, although many financial institutions are hesitant to give any early commitment. You would generally be looking for feedback on the construction financing, leaving the permanent period debt until later (most perm lenders won't commit so far ahead given you still have to design, entitle, prepare CD's, build, and lease the project).

    9. Any thing else that you determine needs a grounded assessment for your project to be successful.

    Many companies utilize due diligence checklists prepared and updated over the time that they are working on project so that junior staff members can utilize these steps to prepare a complete and comprehensive due diligence report. Generally, you would want to be satisfied with your due diligence report before you have to pass hard money through on the escrow for your land purchase.

  • Real Estate Investor · Las Cruces, NM · Member since 2016 · 186 posts · 173 votes
    9y
    Thanks for another great update!! It is quite eye opening to see how much your protect will cost in impact fees alone etc before you even break ground...quite sobering. 
    On average, how much are you spending on these due dilegence items...e.g are you finding that you have to spend say $5k to find out if a project its worth pursuing further? Thanks again :)




    Originally posted by @Scott Choppin:

    Now on to to the due diligence process:

    On the Cedar Avenue site we did most of the following related to due diligence:

    1. Preliminary title report - review and research of the title report and back up documents looking for issues that may cause problems with what we want to build on our site. These would be things like encroachments, where a fence or some other physical item is crossing over the property line (PL) from an adjacent property. We also look for easements that others hold that effect our property. These would be adjacent property owners that have easements for vehicular access across our site, or they could be an easement that the utility company has for the water line, sewer line, or electrical line. We also look for encumbrances, like loans or other financial instruments, that are recorded against our property.

    2. Soils engineering - this is where we hire a soils engineer to prepare a study that outline the physical characteristics of the soil on our site, relate to how we must design our foundation system to work correctly in our build process. This would also identify water table depth, soil liquefaction, soil expansivity (soil that expands or shrinks), or soil chemical content. Your soils report is used by your structural engineer in their design, as well as, you grading contractor when you are building the project.

    3. Environmental Phase I - this is research and or physical testing to determine if there are any environmental issues on hour site. What we mean by environmental issues would be chemical spills, soil impact, or underground tanks from former property uses such as gas stations, industrial uses like chrome plating facilities, or other uses like dry cleaning plants. This research is done by an environmental company utilizing published databases, physical inspection, and property owner interviews.

    4. Fee study - a comprehensive research effort to identify all development impact and building permit plan check and permit fees. See older fee study from a past project of our attached here:

    5. Market study - an internal or external report prepared to evaluate rental rates for your project, to be utilized in your early underwriting proforma.

    6. Comparable study - an internal or external report of recent (market dependent timing) of project sales and land sales. You may also prepare comparable for operating expenses for your rental project at this time.

    7. Architect feasibility study - a basic plan to make sure that your product type actually works relative to your underwriting.

    8. Financing study - research to determine that your project is financeable. This would mean have meeting with equity and debt provider to determine level of interest. Preferably you can obtain commitment letters for these, although many financial institutions are hesitant to give any early commitment. You would generally be looking for feedback on the construction financing, leaving the permanent period debt until later (most perm lenders won't commit so far ahead given you still have to design, entitle, prepare CD's, build, and lease the project).

    9. Any thing else that you determine needs a grounded assessment for your project to be successful.

    Many companies utilize due diligence checklists prepared and updated over the time that they are working on project so that junior staff members can utilize these steps to prepare a complete and comprehensive due diligence report. Generally, you would want to be satisfied with your due diligence report before you have to pass hard money through on the escrow for your land purchase.

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    Hi @Audrey Ezeh

    Great question. 

    One clarification, the fee study I attached was from an older, larger project. Cedar's costs won't be that much, let's say around 20k per door for fees, or 80k total. The attachments were more to demonstrate format. Also, those fees are paid when you start construction, so you are not at risk on the impact fees.

    On the DD costs (which is at risk), they are as follows:

    Title report - free

    Soils - 3,500

    Phase I - 2,000

    Architect - around 2-5k, I get it for free based on relationship with architect, we give them tons of work

    Market study - 5-10k on this size project, possibly more. We opted on Cedar to NOT do a market study, as we know the market inside out from our other active projects. 

    The other studies mentioned are all internal, with data garnered from brokers that we work with, or databases that we subscribe to, such as CoStar.

    Hope that helps.

  • Real Estate Agent · Phoenix, AZ · Member since 2017 · 57 posts · 20 votes
    9y

    I look forward to hearing more about the progression of your development especially with you're background in development.

  • Colorado Springs, CO · Member since 2016 · 5 posts · 2 votes
    9y

    Scott,

    As a first time Dev Investor, your post is remarkable. Thank you for this great resource.

    Can you comment on any particular metrics that you use for a city or neighborhood for helping predict MFR need (ie home sales, job growth, rental rates, population changes). Assuming 1 a one year turnaround from dev to breaking ground, do you look for any particular data points in regards to market demand when you break ground on your first unit and look to sell it? Any good data sources that you rely on?

    Thank again, invaluable. 

  • El Cajon, CA · Member since 2017 · 3 posts · 1 vote
    9y

    Scott,

    Thank you for the posts. The detail is fantastic.

    I'm in the weeds on my first new construction MFR in San Diego. Short details: a 4-5 unit 2-story podium-style single structure.

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    Construction Drawing Production Process

    On the Cedar project, we are presently in the construction drawing production and plan check phase. This is where we turn the initial design ideas and proposal (schematics) into a more formal design concept (design development or "DD"'s) into the actual building set (construction drawings, "CD"s) that then is submitted to the city plan check process. We have completed schematics, DD's, and CD's, and we have submitted our project to the city for plan check.

    The architect and consultant team are in place. On Cedar, because this fits into our UTH (Urban Town Home) rental product offer, we are looking to be as cost efficient as possible in all areas (UTH is dual and multi-generational family, true middle income housing for urban markets), so our consultant team is non-standard and much more cost effective than normal. On larger projects we would normally hire as follows:

    Architect

    Structural Engineer

    MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) Engineer

    Soils Engineer (to review the structural design in the context of the existing soils conditions)

    Land Surveyor

    Utility consultant (company that helps process utility connection plans and requests with the local electric, water, sewer, and telco/data utility company (you can do this yourself if needed).

    Our team on Cedar looks like this:

    Architect - architecture, structural, MEP, and civil - all handled in house by one firm

    Land Surveyor

    Here are the original schematic plans (next week we'll post the design development set):

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    One more.....

    Interesting article about financing land development deals, with some new structures I have not see before:

    http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/15-creative-ways-large-real-estate-97822/

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    Design development set for Cedar and explanation of timing of plan production and plan check schedules

    Generally, the plans were produced on the following time line:

    1. Kick off architect - March 29th

    2. Delivery of DD set - March 31st (this is fast, as we had already worked on the design previously to formal start)

    3. Deliver of 1st plan check submittal - April 27th

    4. Receipt of 1st plan check comments from Building Department - June 13th. These were the last correction sets to be received, we also received as follows:

    Planning

    Fire

    Mechanical

    Electrical

    Plumbing

    LID (Low Impact Development) - water quality control, detention and filtering systems

    Grading

    Regarding resubmittal after receiving 1st submittal plan check comment, we decided to do a major redesign of the layout of the project. This is not preferable, but much cheaper to do on paper than to make the changes in the field later. Basically, the City of Long Beach was going to require us to install a new fire hydrant within 150 feet of our site, which would require significant underground fire line work in the public right of way (street). Given the smaller size of this project, we felt it best to complete the redesign, which removed the need for the new hydrant. It also accomplished removal of the 2nd floor common area deck and associated handicap lift. These were both able to be removed based on the new design.

    We are also coordinating the following separate plan review and comments processes:

    Water department review of water system design, including domestic water line, fire sprinkler line and detector check assembly, and public works alley dedication design. The city of Long Beach has a long term master plan that requires dedication of land for sites that connect with alley ways. This dedication is requiresd on both N/S  and E/W alleys, although the amount of the dedicated land area differs depending on which one you to which you connect.

    We expect to make our 2nd submittal this week and depending on the city, expect 2nd plan check comments sometime in September. We are hopeful that we can start construction in October of this year.

    Cedar developed plans and elevations - final.pdf

  • Investor · Los Angeles County, CA · Member since 2012 · 962 posts · 279 votes
    9y
    Originally posted by @Scott Choppin:

    Design development set for Cedar and explanation of timing of plan production and plan check schedules

    Generally, the plans were produced on the following time line:

    1. Kick off architect - March 29th

    2. Delivery of DD set - March 31st (this is fast, as we had already worked on the design previously to formal start)

    3. Deliver of 1st plan check submittal - April 27th

    4. Receipt of 1st plan check comments from Building Department - June 13th. These were the last correction sets to be received, we also received as follows:

    Planning

    Fire

    Mechanical

    Electrical

    Plumbing

    LID (Low Impact Development) - water quality control, detention and filtering systems

    Grading

    Regarding resubmittal after receiving 1st submittal plan check comment, we decided to do a major redesign of the layout of the project. This is not preferable, but much cheaper to do on paper than to make the changes in the field later. Basically, the City of Long Beach was going to require us to install a new fire hydrant within 150 feet of our site, which would require significant underground fire line work in the public right of way (street). Given the smaller size of this project, we felt it best to complete the redesign, which removed the need for the new hydrant. It also accomplished removal of the 2nd floor common area deck and associated handicap lift. These were both able to be removed based on the new design.

    We are also coordinating the following separate plan review and comments processes:

    Water department review of water system design, including domestic water line, fire sprinkler line and detector check assembly, and public works alley dedication design. The city of Long Beach has a long term master plan that requires dedication of land for sites that connect with alley ways. This dedication is requiresd on both N/S  and E/W alleys, although the amount of the dedicated land area differs depending on which one you to which you connect.

    We expect to make our 2nd submittal this week and depending on the city, expect 2nd plan check comments sometime in September. We are hopeful that we can start construction in October of this year.

    Cedar developed plans and elevations - final.pdf

     Scott thanks for the immense amount of value you've added to the forums by writing these posts. 

    I feel like this sort of level of development could take a lifetime to master.  This is probably one of the best and most detailed accounts of the development process I've seen. 

    There is always so much to learn in RE.  Thanks for your time 

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    Thanks @Will F., appreciate the positive feedback.

  • Investor from Boise, ID · Member since 2017 · 74 posts · 54 votes
    9y

    This is the best and most in depth series I have read! Thank you @Scott Choppin for the wealth of information and your willingness to go in to high levels of detail! It is people like you that have a tremendous impact on the investment and development community. Much appreciated!

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    Thanks @Tyler Resnick. Nice to hear how this helps folks.

  • Developer · New Orleans, LA · Member since 2015 · 1k+ posts · 898 votes
    9y

    @Scott Choppin Such a wonderful topic, very well done.  Thanks for the taking the time to write this out, I know how much time it takes, and like others, I very much appreciate it. 

    A couple of question if you care to answer.

    1) Given that this is a 4 unit property, are you concerned much with value being based on comp sales and not CAP rate? Understand that you are limited to 4 units, but could that affect things?

    2) You mentioned that this a middle income housing offering.  There appear to be quite a few nicer details in the updated plans, which have to be adding cost.  Is it safe to say that you are targeting middle to upper end rental range?  I assume that your apartments will be nicer than your competition.

    3) On the specifics of this project (Cedar), the bedrooms look very small.  Do you have any issues with renting these units with such small bedrooms? Maybe the third floor bedrooms are much bigger?

  • Irvine, CA · Member since 2015 · 4 posts · 0 votes
    9y

    Thank you Scott for your educational post. What do you expect your construction costs for this product type to approximately be (vertical & horizontal) on a per square foot basis? 

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    @Mike Wood

    Great questions. 

    1. Apartments sales values are always a function of comps, at least related to appraisals that are used by buyers to finance their deals. On small projects I would agree that cap rates are less commonly used by buyer. We are working on larger projects - 15 to 30 as an example, where cap rates would be commonly used by buyers. On smaller projects, we often we see folks using a GRM. But comparable are used in all cases related to the appraisal process.

    Now the tricky part for my entire career has been, when you are a developer offering a residential project that has not been done before, or you are offering new housing in a market that has not seen development for a long time. This has been typical for us over nearly 20 years of developing in the urban environment, where there is just not a lot of good comps. This is true now for our UTH offer where we are building in low and middle income urban neighborhoods. We do have our own sales comps (projects that we built and sold and know the exact value as a function of the rents and NOI).

    2. Question for your: What are you seeing that you would say are "nicer details" that add costs? Just a small amount of detail about those things can help me answer your question more effectively. Our UTH model works by building a very simple Type V, slab on grade product, on an already zoned site, delivering a vanilla residential product. This is where the cost savings really are found. We are able to cost effectively deliver items such as granite countertops, but these are the market standard for all affordable housing in CA these days anyways. As well, any buyer of our projects would expect no less, and therefore helps in our projects sales conversation with the potential new owner. 

    We are renting units at rents based on true moderate incomes. We ground this by referring to the CA State HCD website which says "moderate" is defined as 80-120% of area median income for the county in which the project is located. On rents we are comparing our rents to the CA TCAC tax credit project rents for 2017, where the LA County 100% area median income rents for 5 bedrooms is $2,884 per month. This puts us squarely in the moderate income category.

    3. On bedroom sizes, we really try to stay at or above 10x10, sometimes one of the bedrooms does go below that, but usually one and not all. Recall that our goals is to deliver true affordable housing to larger, dual, and multi-generational urban families. We have to refine every cost component to make this both affordable at moderate income and viable for private equity returns. 

    Let me know what other questions you might have. 

    Thanks, Scott

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    @Kamyar Fg

    Thanks for your question. In my first post on this thread, I outlined that some info would remain private to protect the interests of our partners and investors. Our build costs are one of those items that must remain private. 

  • Developer · New Orleans, LA · Member since 2015 · 1k+ posts · 898 votes
    9y

    @Scott Choppin Thanks again for being so open about your process and responses.

    Totally understand about the comps, I have similar issues on infill lots, as there is sometimes not alot of sales comps for new construction multifamily (although my projects are duplex houses)

    As for the details, your project does not appear to be entirely cost drive from a design standpoint.  The building has a good amount of "texture", that is changes in walls, roofs, etc, its not just a plain rectangular box.  Since we cant really tell the finishes from the drawings, my comment of mainly on the arrangement of the house.  This project appears to have things like balconies, large laundry rooms, some walk-in closets, etc. While all of these items make for a much nicer product, they are adding cost.  I'm am not saying I would not do them myself, just trying to understand how you justify such items.  In my area, most of these things dont increase rent (except for supplying the laundry) as most renters are shopping based on bedroom and bath count. Sure these things will make the property more attractive, but I doubt I would be able to get $50 more in rent if I had a balcony.

    Are you getting any tax credit or other breaks for design the project for the median income you are targeting?  I do not mess with that stuff, but I know that it can be very lucrative in larger apartments around here, but the units have to be allocated for very low income residents, which does lead to issues on its own.

    As for the bedrooms, I am surprised by your response.  I am currently trying to make all bedrooms 12x12 on my current and new projects. I finished a house about 1.5yrs ago and decided to use smaller bedrooms (around 10x10) in order to increase the open concept living/kitchen area.  The reaction from rents was pretty consistent, they loved the large living/kitchen area, but hated the small bedrooms.  Since bedroom sq footage is cheap, we have increased the size of the units by adding the space to the bedrooms.  For example, the small bedroom duplex we finished 1.5 yrs ago was a 2/1 875ft2. We are wrapping up a very similar duplex (revised the original plans from the house finished 1.5yrs ago) that is also a 2/1, but now a 1000ft2.  It increased our cost, but the comps are based on $/ft2, so its a win on the valuation side, since the sq footage is relatively cheap. If I were building 3/2 or 4/2, maybe I would consider 1 or 2 bedrooms being so small, but it would like shy away and make them larger.

    Thanks again.

  • Real Estate Developer · Long Beach, CA · Member since 2017 · 251 posts · 359 votes
    9y

    @Mike Wood

    Thanks for the thinking and information.

    I see what you are saying on the design. I think we are running into regional differences. 

    As an example, balconies are required by CA zoning codes, where we have to supply 75' of private open space per unit, which we normally supply via balconies. We also have to supply 75' of common open space which we do on the site, barbecue areas, etc. 

    The variation in the facade and elevations could be made more simple, but many cities including Long Beach, have code requirements for minimum facade variation. Example, City of LA requires in some locations that no more than 30' of elevation can exist before some variation in the facade is required, step forward/back, jog in/out, etc. I can say that this project is very simple compared to most new MF housing in the CA marketplace.

    On the bedroom sizes, just a couple of points of clarification. My last post indicated we try to do nothing smaller than 10x10. Said another way, we do larger bedrooms, similar to you 12x12, etc. But we try to not go below 10x10, just an internal practice. These are units for larger families, with multiple bedrooms. The renter profile is focused on three things in our market: bedroom count, direct access two car garages, and air conditioning. There is very little competition (i.e. supply) in the market for multi bedroom rental units, they just don't exist on any scale. There are SFR rentals that compete, but generally we see those are either highly inferior older homes, or larger homes comparable with our design, that rent for $3,500 per month and above. I can say definitively, in CA, affordable new construction rental housing is in severe short supply, so renters are focused on the three items I list above. We do think about the future buyers of our projects, as we merchant build most of our projects, so keeping them attractive enough for owners is also part of our thinking.

    I can see your point on laundry rooms and walk in closets. On laundry rooms, we would spend the build costs either way, either we would build a common laundry room, or we supply in unit laundry, which is vastly preferred by the tenants. 

    On the walk in closets, I think of it the way you do bedroom space, very cost effective space to build.  As you saw from the plans, these are 3-story town homes, so in all cases our bottom floor level is driving the upper floor designs, where we sometimes end up with odd left over spaces in the top two floors. We generally either try to eliminate those odd space (which can create weird exterior elevation changes), or we smooth out the upper floor designs by using these odd space for closets. 

    I'll end with this thought: we are in an ongoing process to refine our floor plans, to eliminate all the cost drivers possible, while also balancing keeping the units desirable to renters and the future owners of the properties. 

    Thanks Mike. 

  • Developer · New Orleans, LA · Member since 2015 · 1k+ posts · 898 votes
    9y

    @Scott Choppin Thanks of the response.  You are correct about difference in the local zoning. In my area, they would be fine with building plain flat rectangular boxes (I personally would not do that myself). 

    I also agree that the spaces like walk-in closets and walk-in laundry are generally cheap spaces. My units all have in-unit laundry, although they are always in a small closet and not a full room.

    Thanks again on the insight. 

  • Real Estate Investor · Las Cruces, NM · Member since 2016 · 186 posts · 173 votes
    9y

    Hi Scott,

    My apologies if you covered this earlier...how are you funding your builds? Accredited investors? Sophisticated investors? Construction to Perm loans? Thanks so much for this amazing thread!

  • Rental Property Investor · San Francisco, CA · Member since 2013 · 1k+ posts · 1k+ votes
    9y

    @Scott Choppin Hi- I'm wondering are these for sale or rent? Frankly I'm a bit surprised at your target audience and median rents. Most CA builders wil only build to higher end tenant/client base, as otherwise new construction won't pencil out. At the start of your thread, I assumed this was an up and coming Area where you would rent or sell to young professionals, i.e. a pure gentrification play, which has been so common in LA. Are you doing something different (like subsidized section 8 target)?  Or planning to rent and hold this project with future appreciation in mind?  If so are the returns strong enough to support buy/hold sponsorship? As I assume it's not 100% owned by your company. 

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